CentOS 강좌 PART 1. 2 리눅스 기본 명령어 1편

CentOS 강좌 PART 1. 2 리눅스 기본 명령어 1편

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[시스템 리부팅과 종료]

리눅스 종료 명령은 아래와 같다.

이 가운데 주로 shutdown, init 0, init 6 등의 명령을 자주 사용한다.

poweroff

shutdown

halt

init

poweroff

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo poweroff -p # 시스템을 즉시 종료시킴. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ poweroff --help poweroff [OPTIONS...] Power off the system.      --help      Show this help      --halt      Halt the machine   -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine      --reboot    Reboot the machine   -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot   -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record   -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record      --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot

shutdown

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo shutdown -h now # 시스템을 즉시 종료시킴. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo shutdown -h +10 # 시스템을 10분 후에 종료 예약 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo shutdown -r now # 시스템을 지금 즉시 리부팅 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo shutdown -r 12:00 # 시스템을 12시에 리부팅 예약 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo shutdown -c # shutdown 예약 취소 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ shutdown --help shutdown [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...] Shut down the system.      --help      Show this help   -H --halt      Halt the machine   -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine   -r --reboot    Reboot the machine   -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overridden by --halt   -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings      --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot   -c             Cancel a pending shutdown

init

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]sudo init 0 # 시스템을 즉시 종료시킴. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ sudo init 6 # 시스템을 지금 즉시 리부팅 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ init --help init [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} Send control commands to the init daemon.      --help      Show this help      --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot Commands:   0              Power-off the machine   6              Reboot the machine   2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit   1, s, S        Enter rescue mode   q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration   u, U           Reexecute init daemon

halt

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]sudo halt # 시스템을 즉시 종료시킴. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ halt --help halt [OPTIONS...] Halt the system.      --help      Show this help      --halt      Halt the machine   -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine      --reboot    Reboot the machine   -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot   -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record   -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record      --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot

reboot

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]sudo reboot # 시스템을 즉시 재구동. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ reboot --help reboot [OPTIONS...] [ARG] Reboot the system.      --help      Show this help      --halt      Halt the machine   -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine      --reboot    Reboot the machine   -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot   -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record   -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record      --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot

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[디렉토리 관리]

mkdir (make directoires) : 디렉토리의 생성

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls -al total 16 drwx------. 2 whchoi whchoi   83 Mar  6 00:37 . drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root     20 Mar  5 04:02 .. -rw-------. 1 whchoi whchoi 1775 Mar  6 00:26 .bash_history -rw-r--r--. 1 whchoi whchoi   18 Oct 31 02:07 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 whchoi whchoi  193 Oct 31 02:07 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 whchoi whchoi  231 Oct 31 02:07 .bashrc [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ mkdir test1 # test1 이라는 디렉토리 생성 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ mkdir test2 test3 # test2 test3 디렉토리 2개 생성 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ mkdir -p test4/test14 # test4/test14 기본 디텍토리와 하위 디렉토리까지 생성 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls -al total 16 drwxrwxr-x. 2 whchoi whchoi    6 Mar  6 00:38 test1 drwxrwxr-x. 2 whchoi whchoi    6 Mar  6 00:38 test2 drwxrwxr-x. 2 whchoi whchoi    6 Mar  6 00:38 test3 drwxrwxr-x. 3 whchoi whchoi   20 Mar  6 00:38 test4 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ tree /home/whchoi/ /home/whchoi/ |-- test1 |-- test2 |-- test3 `-- test4     `-- test14 # tree를 통해 하위디렉토리 확인 # minimal ISO 설치시 기본 설치되지 않으므로, yum 을 통해 패키지 설치. [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ mkdir --help Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.   -m, --mode=MODE   set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask   -p, --parents     no error if existing, make parent directories as needed   -v, --verbose     print a message for each created directory   -Z                   set SELinux security context of each created directory                          to the default type       --context[=CTX]  like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux                          or SMACK security context to CTX       --help     display this help and exit       --version  output version information and exit

rmdir(remove empty directories) : 디렉토리 삭제

디렉토리 하위에 디렉토리가 다시 존재할 경우 삭제 되지 않는다. 

이러한 경우에는 -p 옵션을 통해 상위디렉토리와 함께 삭제 가능하다.

mkdir과 옵션 사용법은 거의 유사하다.

[whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls test1  test2  test3  test4 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ rmdir test1 #test1 디렉토리 삭제 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls test2  test3  test4 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ rmdir test2 test3 #test2,test3 디렉토리 2개 동시 삭제 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls test4 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ rmdir -p test4/test14 [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ ls [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ [whchoi@CentOS153 ~]$ rmdir --help Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.       --ignore-fail-on-non-empty                   ignore each failure that is solely because a directory                     is non-empty   -p, --parents   remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., 'rmdir -p a/b/c' is                     similar to 'rmdir a/b/c a/b a'   -v, --verbose   output a diagnostic for every directory processed       --help     display this help and exit       --version  output version information and exit

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